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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Rotavirus</i></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="infobox float-right taxobox" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Virus" style="max-width:300px;">
<tbody><tr>
<th><i>Rotavirus</i>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
<p>Rotaviren in einer <a href="Transmissionselektronenmikroskop" title="Transmissionselektronenmikroskop">TEM</a>-Aufnahme (Längenmaßstab 100&nbsp;nm)
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Virus-Taxonomie" title="Virus-Taxonomie">Systematik</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="toptextcells" style="width:100%;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><i><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Klassifikation</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="Viren" title="Viren">Viren</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Realm_(Virologie)" title="Realm (Virologie)">Realm</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><i><a href="Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie)">Reich</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">Orthornavirae</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><i><a href="Phylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylum">Phylum</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i>Duplornaviricota<sup id="cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><i><a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Resentoviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Resentoviricetes">Resentoviricetes</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i><a href="Reovirales" title="Reovirales">Reovirales</a><sup id="cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i>Sedoreoviridae</i>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><i><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i>Rotavirus</i>
</td></tr>





</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Taxonomische Merkmale
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><a href="Genom" title="Genom">Genom</a>:
</td>
<td>dsRNA segmentiert
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Baltimore-Klassifikation" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore-Klassifikation">Baltimore</a>:
</td>
<td>Gruppe 3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Kapsid" title="Kapsid">Symmetrie</a>:
</td>
<td><a href="Kapsid#Ikosaedrische_Symmetrie" title="Kapsid">ikosaedrisch</a>, doppelt
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Virush%C3%BClle" title="Virushülle">Hülle</a>:
</td>
<td>sekundärer Hüllverlust
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="taxo-name"><span lang="en"><i>Rotavirus</i></span>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<th>Links
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table class=" toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">ICTV</a> Taxon History:</span>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=201904904">201904904</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>&nbsp;Taxonomy:
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=10912">10912</a>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="ViralZone" class="mw-redirect" title="ViralZone">ViralZone</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(<a href="Expasy" title="Expasy">Expasy</a>, <a href="Swiss_Institute_of_Bioinformatics" title="Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics">SIB</a>):</span>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/107">107</a>
</td></tr>










</tbody></table>
</td></tr></tbody></table>


<p>Die Gattung <i><b>Rotavirus</b></i> umfasst Viren der Familie <i>Sedoreoviridae</i> in der Ordnung <i><a href="Reovirales" title="Reovirales">Reovirales</a></i> mit einem <a href="Genom" title="Genom">Genom</a> aus elf Segmenten einer doppelsträngigen <a href="RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a> (dsRNA). Rotaviren besitzen sehr komplexe <a href="Virion" title="Virion">Viruspartikel</a> (Virionen), die aus zwei konzentrischen <a href="Kapsid" title="Kapsid">Kapsiden</a> und einer inneren Corestruktur bestehen; dies wird auch als dreischichtige Kapsidstruktur bezeichnet. Zwischen äußerem und innerem Kapsid sind in <a href="Transmissionselektronenmikroskop" title="Transmissionselektronenmikroskop">TEM</a>-Aufnahmen Proteinbrücken und Kanäle zu erkennen, die in der Negativkontrastierung radähnlich erscheinen. Von diesem Aussehen ist auch der Name der Gattung (von lateinisch <i>rota</i> „Rad“) abgeleitet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Rotaviren wurden erstmals in den 1950er Jahren als Erreger einer <a href="Diarrhoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarrhoe">Diarrhoe</a> bei der Maus identifiziert, seither fand man sie bei mehreren Säugetieren und Vögeln. Für den Menschen sind Subtypen aus drei Rotavirusspezies bekannt, die man als <a href="Humane_Rotaviren" title="Humane Rotaviren">Humane Rotaviren</a> zusammenfasst.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genom">Genom</h2></div>
<p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"></span>
</p>
<div style="clear:left"></div>
<p>Genomkarte der Gattung <i>Rotavirus</i>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematik">Systematik</h2></div>

<p>Einen ähnlichen Aufbau mit zwei konzentrischen Schalen haben auch die Viren der Gattungen <i><a href="Coltivirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Coltivirus">Coltivirus</a></i> und <i><a href="Orbivirus" title="Orbivirus">Orbivirus</a></i> (letztere beispielsweise mit Spezies <i><a href="Blauzungenvirus" title="Blauzungenvirus">Blauzungenvirus</a></i>), beide in derselben Familie <i>Sedoreoviridae</i> (früher: Unterfamilie <i>Sedoreovirinae</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Gattung <i>Rotavirus</i> wird in neun Spezies (A-J) eingeteilt.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spezies E wurde noch nicht als eigenständige Spezies bestätigt. Als eines der wichtigsten Definitionskriterien einer Rotavirus-Spezies gilt, dass nur zwischen den Subtypen ein <a href="Reassortment" title="Reassortment">Reassortment</a> stattfinden kann, nicht jedoch zwischen einzelnen Spezies. Sie bilden somit einen einheitlichen <a href="Genpool" title="Genpool">Genpool</a>, der mittels <a href="Antigenshift" title="Antigenshift">Antigenshift</a> und <a href="Antigendrift" title="Antigendrift">Antigendrift</a> neue Subtypen bilden kann. Bei Sequenzvergleichen des <a href="Coreprotein" class="mw-redirect" title="Coreprotein">Coreproteins</a> VP2 erscheinen die Spezies <i>Rotavirus A</i> und <i>C</i> als eng verwandt, während <i>Rotavirus B</i> deutliche Sequenzunterschiede aufweist.
</p>
<ul><li>Gattung <i><b>Rotavirus</b></i></li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Spezies <i>Rotavirus A</i></li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Subtyp Simianes Rotavirus A</li>
<li>Subtyp Aviäres Rotavirus A</li>
<li>Subtyp Bovines Rotavirus A</li>
<li>Subtyp Porcines Rotavirus A</li>
<li>Subtyp Caprines Rotavirus A</li>
<li>Subtyp Equines Rotavirus A</li>
<li>Subtyp Humanes Rotavirus A</li>
<li>Subtyp Lapines Rotavirus A</li>
<li>Subtyp Kaninchen-Rotavirus</li></ul></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>Vorläufige Subtypen der Spezies:
<dl><dd><ul><li>Subtyp Rotavirus der Lämmer</li>
<li>Subtyp Canines Rotavirus</li>
<li>Subtyp Rhesus-Rotavirus</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Spezies <i>Rotavirus B</i></li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Subtyp (Serogruppe) Bovines Rotavirus B</li>
<li>Subtyp Humanes Rotavirus B</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Spezies <i>Rotavirus C</i></li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Subtyp Humanes Rotavirus C</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Spezies <i>Rotavirus D</i></li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Subtyp Hühner-Rotavirus D</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Spezies <i>Rotavirus E</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261937660">
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<dl><dd><ul><li>Subtyp Porcines Rotavirus E</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Spezies <i>Rotavirus F</i></li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Subtyp Hühner-Rotavirus F</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Spezies <i>Rotavirus G</i></li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Subtyp Hühner-Rotavirus G</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Spezies <i>Rotavirus H</i></li></ul></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li>Spezies <i>Rotavirus I</i></li>
<li>Spezies Rotavirus J</li></ul></dd></dl>
<div class="fussnoten-block"><div class="fussnoten-inhalt references"><sup class="fussnoten-marke mw-cite-backlink" data-annotationpair-a="*">*</sup>&nbsp;<div class="reference-text">noch nicht als eigenständige Spezies anerkannt</div></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quellen">Quellen</h2></div>
<ul><li>R. F. Ramig et al.: <i>Genus Rotavirus</i>. In: C. M. Fauquet, M. A. Mayo et al.: <i>Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</i>. London, San Diego 2005, ISBN 0-12-249951-4, S. 484–496</li>
<li>Robert D. Shaw und Harry B. Greenberg: <i>Rotaviruses (Reoviridae)</i>. In: Allan Granoff, Robert G. Webster (Hrsg.): <i>Encyclopedia of Virology</i>. San Diego, 1999 (Band 1–3), ISBN 0-12-227030-4, Band 3, S. 1576–1592</li>
<li>J. Matthijnssens et al.: <i>Full genomic analysis of human rotavirus strain B4106 and lapine rotavirus strain 30/96 provides evidence for interspecies transmission</i>. J. Virol. (2006) 80(8): S. 3801–3810, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16571797?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16571797</a></li>
<li>J. A. Lawton et al.: <i>Three-dimensional structural analysis of recombinant rotavirus-like particles with intact and amino-terminal-deleted VP2: implications for the architecture of the VP2 capsid layer</i>. J. Virol. (1997) 71(10): S. 7353–7360, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9311813?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9311813</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC192080/">PMC&nbsp;192080</a> (freier Volltext)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=10912">Gattung Rotavirus</a> (NCBI)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phene.cpmc.columbia.edu/Ictv/fs_reovi.htm#Genus03">Rotavirus in der Datenbank des ICTV</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scitechdaily.com/early-steps-of-viral-assembly-revealed-by-genetically-engineered-slow-growing-mutant-rotavirus/">Early Steps of Viral Assembly Revealed by Genetically Engineered Slow-Growing Mutant Rotavirus</a>, auf: SciTechDaily vom 25. Juni 2020, Quelle: Baylor College of Medicine</li>
<li>S. Lopez, C.&nbsp;F. Arias: <i>Early Steps in Rotavirus Cell Entry</i>, in: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 309, 2006, S.&nbsp;39–66, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30773-7_2" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/3-540-30773-7 2">doi:10.1007/3-540-30773-7_2</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16909896?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16909896</a>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-ICTV_MSL#35-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ICTV_MSL#35_1-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">ICTV: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=201854879"><i>Bluetongue virus</i></a>, EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL #35)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/8266">ICTV Master Species List 2018b v1</a></i> MSL #34, Feb. 2019</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cornelia Henke-Gendo: <cite style="font-style:italic">Virale Gastroenteritiserreger</cite>. In: Sebastian Suerbaum, Gerd-Dieter Burchard, Stefan H. E.Kaufmann, Thomas F. Schulz (Hrsg.): <cite style="font-style:italic">Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Infektiologie</cite>. Springer-Verlag, 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-48678-8, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>513<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>ff</span>., <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48678-8_65">10.1007/978-3-662-48678-8_65</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rotavirus&amp;rft.atitle=Virale+Gastroenteritiserreger&amp;rft.au=Cornelia+Henke-Gendo&amp;rft.btitle=Medizinische+Mikrobiologie+und+Infektiologie&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2F978-3-662-48678-8_65&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783662486788&amp;rft.pages=513+ff.&amp;rft.pub=Springer-Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Houssam Attoui et al.: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Coltiviruses and seadornaviruses in North America, Europe, and Asia</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Emerging Infectious Diseases</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>11</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>11</span>, November 2005, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1673–1679</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1111.050868">10.3201/eid1111.050868</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16318717?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16318717</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3367365/">PMC&nbsp;3367365</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rotavirus&amp;rft.atitle=Coltiviruses+and+seadornaviruses+in+North+America%2C+Europe%2C+and+Asia&amp;rft.au=Houssam+Attoui+et+al.&amp;rft.date=2005-11&amp;rft.doi=10.3201%2Feid1111.050868&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=11&amp;rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&amp;rft.pages=1673-1679&amp;rft.pmc=3367365&amp;rft.pmid=16318717&amp;rft.volume=11" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ictv.global/filebrowser/download/11621"><i>ICTV Master Species List 2022_MSL38.v1.</i></a> In: <i><a href="International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">ICTV</a>.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 27.&nbsp;September 2023</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARotavirus&amp;rft.title=ICTV+Master+Species+List+2022_MSL38.v1&amp;rft.description=ICTV+Master+Species+List+2022_MSL38.v1&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fictv.global%2Ffilebrowser%2Fdownload%2F11621&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
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